Antibacterial Activity of Jatropha Curcas Extracts on Gram Negative Isolates from Oju LGA, Benue State

Sally Ogbene Ojowu, Marvhelle Agatha Mae A. Lagrio, David Obo Ojowu and Ngodoo Magdalene Tyona
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Sally Ogbene Ojowu: Department of Microbiology, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, P.M.B 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.
Marvhelle Agatha Mae A. Lagrio: Department of Microbiology, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, P.M.B 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.
David Obo Ojowu: Initiative4healthyliving Ltd, 9 Fullerton Drive, S60 5HQ, Sheffield, UK.
Ngodoo Magdalene Tyona: Department of Microbiology, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, P.M.B 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 2025, vol. 9, issue 4, 4851-4858

Abstract: Jatropha curcas (locally known as Omangba or pig nut) is traditionally used as food and medicine among the Oju people of Benue State, Nigeria. This study evaluated the antibacterial potential of its leaf extracts against selected gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp., Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus spp. Clinical isolates were confirmed using Gram staining and biochemical tests. Crude extracts were prepared using cold maceration in distilled water and methanol for 72 hours, then concentrated at 65 °C. Phytochemical screening revealed flavonoids, phenols, saponins, and glycosides. Antibacterial activity was assessed using agar well diffusion, with methanol extracts showing greater inhibition zones than aqueous ones and control (Ciprofloxacin), particularly against Pseudomonas spp. (21.33±0.58 mm at 400 mg/ml). MIC and MBC ranged from 25–50 mg/ml and 100–200 mg/ml, respectively. This study concludes that J. curcas leaf extracts offer promising alternative antibacterial agents, potentially reducing reliance on synthetic antibiotics and addressing antimicrobial resistance challenges.

Date: 2025
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