Ensera Ayor as a Reflection of Iban Wisdom in Ethnocentrism amidst the Era of Technology

Wan Roshazli
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Wan Roshazli: School Distance of Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 2025, vol. 9, issue 4, 178-187

Abstract: The study sought to establish Ensera Ayor as a heroic epic of the Iban community that highlights the wisdom of the Iban ethnic group in the context of ethnocentrism as one of their key identities in facing the tide of technological advancement. There are five factors associated with ethnocentrism, which outline the main drivers behind its emergence in society: love for the homeland, loyalty between the ruler and the people, patriotism, honor, and religion.. This paper analyzed these five factors in Ensera Ayor and found that religion and honor dominate the narrative of this epic. This is because the narrative of Ensera Ayor aims to elevate religion, beliefs, and honor as the foundation that shapes the greatness of the ancient Iban society. This study found that literary works do not emerge from a void but are manifestations of the wisdom of authors and communities in strengthening their identity, excellence, and prestige in the eyes of other societies, including the present generation.

Date: 2025
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