Language as Weapon: Lexical Patterns in Gendered Violence Against Men in Northwest Cameroon

Bonkung Frida Wumsenwi, Carlous Muluh Nkwetisama and Marcel Fornkwa Jaff
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Bonkung Frida Wumsenwi: University of Bamenda
Carlous Muluh Nkwetisama: University of Bamenda
Marcel Fornkwa Jaff: University of Bamenda

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 2025, vol. 9, issue 5, 1839-1846

Abstract: This study investigates the discursive representation of violence against men by women in the Northwest Region of Cameroon, with a particular focus on the lexical choices that contribute to psychological and emotional abuse. Although much of the scholarship on gender-based violence centers on women as victims, the experiences of male victims—particularly from a linguistic perspective—remain largely overlooked. This research expands the discourse by examining how language is employed as a tool of symbolic violence against men in a socio-cultural context where masculinity is closely tied to power, authority, and emotional stoicism. Employing a qualitative design, the study draws on data collected through interviews, focus group discussions, observations, and analysis of case files from the Centre for Pastoral Education and Social Services (CECPES) in Bamenda. It uses Critical Discourse Analysis, Systemic Functional Linguistics, and Stylistic Analysis to identify and interpret patterns of lexical choice and their broader implications. Findings reveal that women often use derogatory adjectives, culturally loaded metaphors, emasculating labels, sarcasm, and other rhetorical devices to exert psychological pressure, challenge male authority, and inflict emotional harm. These lexical strategies, deeply embedded in local cultural narratives, contribute to men’s experiences of shame, loss of self-esteem, and social alienation. The study also uncovers how non-verbal cues and symbols work alongside spoken language to reinforce power dynamics in intimate relationships. Ultimately, the research contributes to a more inclusive understanding of gender-based violence and calls for policy, educational, and social reforms that recognize the linguistic dimensions of abuse against men.

Date: 2025
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