A Comparison of Online Engagement for Undergraduates

Noor Hanim Rahmat
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Noor Hanim Rahmat: Academy of Language Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 2025, vol. 9, issue 6, 3260-3270

Abstract: Post covid teaching era has normalized online teaching and learning. Although before that, there were already many online courses available and people have successfully benefitted from them. Nevertheless, many courses are conveniently carried out via missed mode; face-to-face and online mode. This study is done to investigate students’ perception on online engagement. In addition to that, this study also compares their perception on the different types of engagement; specifically behavioural, cognitive, affective engagement. This study was guided from the social cognitive and classroom engagement theories. The instrument used was a questionnaire that contains three main sections and they are behavioural, cognitive and affective components. Data was collected from 80 students who respondents who attended mixed mode classes; face-to-face and online classes. Findings showed there is a relationship between behavioural and cognitive engagement. There is also an association between cognitive and affective engagement. Finally, findings also showed that there is an association between affective and behavioural engagement. The findings of this study bear interesting pedagogical implications in this era of online teaching mode.

Date: 2025
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