Research on the Dose Response Relationship between Metabolic Diseases and Cadmium Exposure Based on Urinary Biomarker Detection

Haoxuan Feng, Siti Ruzita and Rania Hussien
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Haoxuan Feng: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, China
Siti Ruzita: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, China
Rania Hussien: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, China

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 2025, vol. 9, issue 7, 3232-3255

Abstract: Cadmium (Cd), a pervasive environmental pollutant, enters the human body through longterm lowdose exposure via dietary sources (e.g., contaminated rice), tobacco smoking, and industrial emissions. While highdose cadmium nephrotoxicity is well established, systematic evidence on its lowdose effects on metabolic diseases remains limited. This study investigated the association and doseresponse relationship between low level environmental cadmium exposure—using urinary cadmium (creatininecorrected) as a biomarker—and metabolic diseases including hypertension, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in an adult health examination cohort from Zoucheng City, Shandong Province, China.

Date: 2025
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