Design of BIM and IoT-Based Tunnel Construction Monitoring Data Fusion and Safety Early Warning System

Xiaoqing Cheng and Jiangwei Luo
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Xiaoqing Cheng: China First Highway Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
Jiangwei Luo: China Communications First Highway Engineering Group Xiamen Engineering Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China

Innovation in Science and Technology, 2026, vol. 5, issue 2, 18-25

Abstract: The tunnel construction environment is complex, and traditional monitoring methods suffer from poor timeliness and insufficient data utilization, making it difficult to support real-time safety management and control during tunnel construction. This paper designs a construction monitoring and early warning system that integrates Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, adopting a “cloud-edge-device” three-tier distributed architecture. At the device layer, a multi-source heterogeneous sensor network is deployed; at the edge layer, edge computing gateways are installed for local data preprocessing and real-time analysis; at the platform layer, a data fusion analysis engine and a BIM visualization engine are integrated. For data fusion, the belief Hellinger distance is introduced to improve the Dempster-Shafer (D-S) evidence theory, effectively resolving conflicts among highly contradictory evidence sources. For safety early warning, a “4+4+N” hierarchical index system is established, and a progressively deepened three-level early warning mechanism is constructed, encompassing single-index threshold judgment, multi-parameter fusion evaluation, and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) time-series prediction. Finally, the system is validated through field deployment at the Yingeling extra-long tunnel in Hainan Province. The results that the proposed data fusion method achieves an accuracy of 92.5%, a 20.2% improvement over traditional D-S evidence theory. The early warning system attains an accuracy of 92.5% with a false alarm rate of 8.3%, a missed alarm rate of 3.1%, and an average response time of 2.8 seconds providing reliable technical support for tunnel construction safety management.

Keywords: tunnel construction; BIM-IoT collaborative monitoring; multi-source data fusion; improved DS evidence theory; safety early warning (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:bdz:inscte:v:5:y:2026:i:2:p:18-25

DOI: 10.63593/IST.2788-7030.2026.06.002

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