The Bee Fertilizes the Flower She Robs: Analysing the Diplomatic Games of Carrot, Soft Power and National Interests for Access to Natural Resources in Papua New Guinea

Christian C. Madubuko, PhD., MA; PGDE, BA; Dip (), Tony F. E. Nwaka, PhD, MA, Ba (), Professor Raphael C. Eze, PhD., M.Sc., B.Sc., Ascon () and Professor Dan. O. Chukwu, PhD., BA, Fhsn ()

American Journal of International Relations, 2024, vol. 9, issue 5, 64 - 93

Abstract: Purpose: This paper conducts a nuanced exploration of Papua New Guinea’s (PNG) intricate diplomatic landscape through the metaphor "The Bee Fertilizes the Flower She Robs." This conceptual framework elucidates the complex interplay between soft power, national interests, and resource access among global powers - namely Australia, China, and the United States - in the strategically significant Asia-Pacific region. By situating PNG within this geopolitical contest, this study aims to deepen understanding of how these states navigate power dynamics, particularly regarding PNG's abundant natural resources. Materials and Method: Employing a qualitative methodological approach, this research employs case analysis as its primary investigative tool. Selected case studies critically examine the diplomatic strategies executed by Australia, China, and the United States in PNG, focusing on soft power mechanisms such as cultural diplomacy, development assistance, and foreign direct investment. The analysis is grounded in a comprehensive review of primary and secondary sources, including diplomatic documents and investment reports, to capture the multifaceted nature of international relations in PNG. Findings: The findings reveal a paradox: while foreign investment catalyses economic development in PNG, it simultaneously engenders dependencies that can jeopardize sovereignty. The divergent strategies of Australia, China, and the United States manifest as a blend of cooperation and competition, accompanied by significant ethical considerations regarding environmental sustainability and community displacement. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: This study advances the discourse surrounding soft power, urging a re-evaluation of its role as both an instrument of influence and a potential source of dependency. Policymakers in PNG are encouraged to establish regulatory frameworks that ensure transparency, prioritize local agency, and promote sustainability, thereby navigating complex international engagements while safeguarding their sovereign interests.

Keywords: Natural Resources - Q32; Diplomacy - F50; Soft Power - F59; Geopolitics - F52; Foreign Direct Investment - F21; Sustainable Development - Q01; Carrot Stick - D74; Dependency Theory - O19 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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