Trends and Causes of Hospital-Based Mortality in Southwest Nigeria: An 11-Year Retrospective Statistical Analysis

Abifade Victor Oluwatobi, Akinyemi Oluwadare, Oyinloye Adedeji Adigun, Fayode Taiwo Eniola and Abifade Aanuoluwapo Aderonke
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Abifade Victor Oluwatobi: Department of Mathematical Sciences, Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology, Ikere-Ekiti, Nigeria.
Akinyemi Oluwadare: Department of Statistics, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
Oyinloye Adedeji Adigun: Department of Mathematical Sciences, Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology, Ikere-Ekiti, Nigeria.
Fayode Taiwo Eniola: Department of Mathematical Sciences, Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology, Ikere-Ekiti, Nigeria.
Abifade Aanuoluwapo Aderonke: Department of Psychology, Federal University of Oye, Ekiti State, Nigeria.

International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science, 2025, vol. 14, issue 5, 363-369

Abstract: Understanding the causes of death is essential for effective health policy planning and intervention, this study investigates mortality patterns in Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital (EKSUTH), Ado-Ekiti, Southwest, Nigeria, to identify the leading causes of death and provide evidence-based recommendations for their prevention. Secondary data were collected from the Information Management and Medical Records Department of EKSUTH, which covers all recorded deaths, including stillbirths, over eleven years (2004–2014). The dataset included primary causes of death, age, sex, and time of death. Descriptive statistics, graphical analyses, and inferential tests, including t-test, Chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Jonckheere’s trend test, were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 20. A total of 1,954 death records were analyzed. Infections were the leading cause of death, accounting for 397 (20.3%) of all cases, followed closely by cardiovascular diseases, 382 (19.5%) deaths. Males accounted for 1,090 (55.8%) deaths while females accounted for 864 (44.2%) deaths. The age group 0–10 years recorded the highest number of death cases, accounting for 483 (24.7%) deaths, indicating a need for urgent public health attention. To further reduce the mortality rate, the study recommends targeted interventions for high-risk groups, enhanced public health campaigns focusing on disease prevention, nutrition, and road safety, and increased allocation for pediatric and emergency care units.

Date: 2025
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