Exosomes as Mediators of Cancer Metastasis: Unraveling the ‘Seed and Soil’ Hypothesis

Wolasse Manfouo Wilfred Quentin
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Wolasse Manfouo Wilfred Quentin: Jiangsu University, China

International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, 2024, vol. 11, issue 9, 1038-1046

Abstract: Metastasis, the spread of cancer from a primary site to distant organs, remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The ‘Seed and Soil’ hypothesis, proposed by Stephen Paget in 1889, suggests that metastasis depends not only on the properties of cancer cells (the “seeds†) but also on the receptive environment of distant tissues (the “soil†). Emerging evidence highlights the pivotal role of exosomes, small extracellular vesicles secreted by tumor cells, in preparing pre-metastatic niches and facilitating metastatic spread. This review explores the mechanistic role of exosomes in cancer metastasis, focusing on their influence on the tumor microenvironment, immune evasion, and organotropic metastasis. We discuss how exosomes contribute to the dynamic interplay between tumor cells and distant tissues, offering new insights into the ‘Seed and Soil’ hypothesis. Additionally, the potential of exosome-targeted therapies as a novel approach to prevent or treat metastatic cancer is examined.

Date: 2024
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