Understanding HIV Prevalence among Teenagers in Western Kenya: Risk Factors, Challenges, and Intervention Strategies

Fredrick Otieno Oginga, Vasco Dominic Kulimankudya, Brenda Lijodi and Charles Stephen Okila
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Fredrick Otieno Oginga: Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Science, Kabarak University, Nakuru 20157, Kenya.
Vasco Dominic Kulimankudya: Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Science, Kabarak University, Nakuru 20157, Kenya.
Brenda Lijodi: Department of Health Professional Education, School of Public Health Science, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology University, Kakamega 20157,
Charles Stephen Okila: Department of Public Health, School of Medicine and Health Science, Kabarak University, Nakuru 20157, Kenya.

International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, 2024, vol. 11, issue 9, 931-953

Abstract: Sub-Saharan Africa remains the epicentre of the global HIV epidemic, with the region accounting for 67% of the 39 million HIV-positive individuals worldwide in 2021. Kenya ranks among the top fifteen countries with the highest HIV prevalence, with approximately 3.7% of adults aged 15 to 49 affected. The prevalence among women is notably double that of men. This review focuses on the HIV prevalence among teenagers in Western Kenya, examining the sociocultural, economic, and environmental factors that contribute to HIV transmission in this demographic. It analyses current data on prevalence rates, risk behaviours, and the uptake of HIV testing and treatment among teenagers in the region. Additionally, the narrative review identifies key challenges in addressing HIV in this group and evaluates effective intervention strategies. By highlighting gaps in knowledge and synthesizing existing research, this review aims to guide targeted public health initiatives to reduce HIV incidence and improve outcomes for teenagers in Western Kenya.

Date: 2024
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