Phytochemical Screening and Acute Toxicity Studies of Nymphaea Lotus Extract and Fractions

Musa Ganya Rege, A. U. Zezi, B. B. Maiha, A. Ahmed and T. O. Kolawole
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Musa Ganya Rege: Ahmadu Bello University (A.B.U) Zaria, Nigeria
A. U. Zezi: Ahmadu Bello University (A.B.U) Zaria, Nigeria
B. B. Maiha: Ahmadu Bello University (A.B.U) Zaria, Nigeria
A. Ahmed: Ahmadu Bello University (A.B.U) Zaria, Nigeria
T. O. Kolawole: Ahmadu Bello University (A.B.U) Zaria, Nigeria

International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, 2025, vol. 12, issue 15, 22-26

Abstract: Nymphaea lotus (Linn), an herbaceous aquatic plant from the Nymphaeaceae family, is widely utilized for its therapeutic properties. This study evaluates the phytochemical composition and acute toxicity of the methanol leaf extract and its aqueous residual and n-Butanol fractions in rats and mice. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds; the quantitative determination of the bioactive constituents was carried out using Spectrophotometric analysis which revealed the aqueous residual fraction rich in tannins and the n-Butanol fraction rich in flavonoids. Acute toxicity tests, following OECD 425 guidelines, indicated that the LD50 is above 5000 mg/kg, confirming the non-toxic nature of the extract and fractions. Hematological analysis and histopathological examinations of major organs (stomach, intestine, kidney, and liver) showed no significant differences between treated and control groups. The findings support the plant’s safe use in traditional medicine and highlight its potential for further pharmacological research.

Date: 2025
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