Strategies for Reduced Healthcare Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review

Aquinius Mung’atia
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Aquinius Mung’atia: Aga Khan Health Services, Kenya

International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, 2025, vol. 12, issue 15, 586-605

Abstract: Introduction: The healthcare sector contributes 4-5% of all greenhouse gas emissions and must improve environmental efficiency without sacrificing quality or accessibility. Strategies for reducing emissions in hospitals and healthcare facilities need to be effective in developing countries. Methodology: This systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines to identify strategies for reducing greenhouse gases in healthcare facilities in developing countries. The review included a comprehensive search of six databases for literature published between 2012 and 2024. Screening and selection of studies were based on predefined eligibility criteria, and the risk of bias in included studies was assessed using a modified checklist outlined in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews. Analysis was guided by narrative synthesis, and geographical restrictions were placed on developing countries and English-language papers Results: Out of 5,982 identified papers, 13 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in this review. Upgrading equipment, using energy monitoring systems, implementing renewable energy sources, proper waste management, digital health, low GWP inhalers and anesthetic gases, and green procurement practices were found to be effective. However, long-term outcomes and consideration of socio-economic and geographical factors are needed to develop context-specific strategies. Conclusion: A holistic approach including energy efficiency, renewable energy, waste management, digital health technologies, sustainable procurement, and use of medical supplies is essential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in healthcare facilities. This research can help inform future strategies for effectively lowering emissions in developing countries.

Date: 2025
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