Prevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii Oocysts in the Domestic Cats in Ekiti State, Nigeria

Awotokun Femi, Sowemimo Oluyomi Abayomi, Akinwale Olaoluwa Pheabian. and Falemu Funke Aina
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Awotokun Femi: Department of Biological Sciences, Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology, Ikere-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
Sowemimo Oluyomi Abayomi: Department of Zoology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
Akinwale Olaoluwa Pheabian.: Public Health Division, Nigerian Institute for Medical Research, Lages State, Nigeria
Falemu Funke Aina: Department of Biology Education, Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology, Ikere-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria

International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, 2025, vol. 12, issue 15, 638-644

Abstract: Background: Toxoplasma gondii is a globally distributed zoonotic parasite with significant public health implications, particularly for immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women. Domestic cats (Felis catus) serve as definitive hosts and contribute to environmental contamination through oocyst shedding. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of T. gondii oocysts in domestic cats and assess environmental risk in selected communities of Ekiti State, Southwest Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted November, 2024 and March, 2025 to collect faecal samples from 277 domestic cats. The samples were processed using a modified flotation technique, and the presence of T. gondii oocysts was determined. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20, with chi-square tests used to assess associations between potential risk factors and T. gondii prevalence Results: T. gondii oocysts were detected in 102 (36.8%) of the 277 faecal samples. Free rooming was identified as contributing factor to the high prevalence in the environment. Conclusions: The high prevalence of T. gondii oocysts in domestic cats in Ekiti State highlights a significant zoonotic risk. Public health interventions focusing on responsible cat ownership, improved sanitation, and targeted education are crucial for mitigating the risk of T. gondii transmission in this region.

Date: 2025
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