Workplace Discrimination and the Career Advancement of Female Employees in Smile Communications Nigeria Limited

Fakiya Precious Funmilayo and Eguonor Jennifer Oleabhiele
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Fakiya Precious Funmilayo: Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Faculty of Social and Management Science, Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Nigeria.
Eguonor Jennifer Oleabhiele: Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Faculty of Social and Management Science, Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Nigeria.

International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, 2025, vol. 12, issue 5, 1702-1709

Abstract: Despite global awareness of workplace discrimination against women, its specific manifestations and impacts in different organizational settings remain underexplored. This study investigates the effects of workplace discrimination on the career advancement of female employees in Smile Communications Nigeria Limited. The Theoretical framework is based on the Glass Ceiling Theory and the Social Learning Theory. Employing a descriptive survey research design, the study sampled 136 female employees from its Ikeja and Benin City Branches using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using statistical tools, including chi-square tests. The findings revealed significant barriers to career progression for women, including biased organizational practices, unequal opportunities, and a lack of supportive policies. These hinder individual career growths and negatively impact organizational productivity and culture. The study recommends the need for interventions and policy reforms to promote gender equality and enhance career advancement opportunities for women at Smile Communications Nigeria Limited.

Date: 2025
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