Human-Tiger (Panthera tigris) Conflict: Status and Trends in the Chitwan National Park, Nepal

Kshitiz Kandel, Chhatra Mani Sharma, Chiranjibi Prasad Pokheral, Suraj Shah, Bakhat Rawat, Manish Devkota and Prabesh Kandel
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Kshitiz Kandel: Research Insight-Nepal, Chitwan, Nepal Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhlel, Nepal
Chhatra Mani Sharma: Central Department of Environmental Science, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhlel, Nepal
Chiranjibi Prasad Pokheral: National Trust for Nature Conservation, Nepal Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal
Suraj Shah: Research Insight-Nepal, Chitwan, Nepal Khwopa College of Engineering, Bhaktapur, Nepal
Bakhat Rawat: Research Insight-Nepal, Chitwan, Nepal University of Wollongong, North-fields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
Manish Devkota: Research Insight-Nepal, Chitwan, Nepal Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam
Prabesh Kandel: Research Insight-Nepal, Chitwan, Nepal Lambton College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, 2025, vol. 12, issue 5, 500-511

Abstract: This study explores an understanding of human-wildlife conflict (HWC) focused on tiger, particularly the status and trend of human-tiger conflict (HTC), in three major areas of Chitwan National Park (CNP); Ayodhyapuri, Patihani and Meghauli VDCs. A set of questionnaire survey was conducted in 98 households during month of June- July, 2017. It covers 38 surveys in Ayodhyapuri, 30 in Patihani and 30 in Meghauli. Additionally, key informant interviews were conducted. Also, the official records of CNP, National Trust for Nature Conservation (NTNC) and Department of National Park and Wildlife Conservation (DNPWC) were referred. Records from 2003 to 2015 at CNP shows that highest HTC was recorded in the year 2003-2004 (235 cases), out of which human casualties were 22 (4 injured and 18 killed). The trend has declined thereafter with the lowest conflict recorded in the year 2013-2014 (17 cases), out of which human casualties were 6 (4 injured and 2 killed). A significantly higher human-tiger interaction was recorded in Ayodhypuri compared to other two study sites (χ2 = 7.88; d.f. = 2; p = 0.02). However, a contradictory trend was obtained based on our survey owing to the long compensation procedure (51.02%), less compensation (30.61%) and weak information flow (18.36%). Conservation education, awareness programs along with adequate and prompt compensation against damages coupled with regular/timely monitoring of tigers may help to reduce human-tiger conflicts. In addition, a future perspective is drawn based on the impacts of anthropogenic interferences on wildlife and riverine ecosystems of these sensitive conservation and protected areas of the lower reaches.

Date: 2025
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