A Data Mining Approach to Documenting Global Floating Building Projects: Design Trends, Material and Structural Systems

Mark Cyril Francis, Mohd Khairul Azhar Mat Sulaiman, Nurakmal Abdullah @ Goh, Ruzanah Abu Bakar, Nur Fadilah Darmansah, Siti Syariazulfa Kamarudin, Mazlan Elis Mardzianah Datuk Hj and Azilah Baddiri
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Mark Cyril Francis: Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Mohd Khairul Azhar Mat Sulaiman: Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Nurakmal Abdullah @ Goh: Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Ruzanah Abu Bakar: Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Nur Fadilah Darmansah: Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Siti Syariazulfa Kamarudin: Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Mazlan Elis Mardzianah Datuk Hj: Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Azilah Baddiri: Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah

International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, 2025, vol. 12, issue 7, 2417-2427

Abstract: Floating architecture has emerged as a viable response to urbanisation, climate change, and increasing sea levels. The absence of a centralised database cataloguing constructed floating buildings globally impedes thorough research and practical implementation. This paper aims to systematically gather, analyse, and categorise data on floating building globally using the method of web mining and data mining techniques to collect data. The Archdaily website was the primary source for web mining, employing ‘floating architecture’ as the main term for the extraction process in 143 countries globally, focusing on the construction of floating buildings from 2000 to 2025. The item studied include and classify into Continent, Nation, year of project completion, building Category, average floor area, structure and materials. Key statistics reveal that Europe leads in floating construction, accounting for 53.1% (34 structures) of the worldwide total. The Netherlands is the most engaged nation, donating 15% (9 buildings), followed by the United States (10%, 6 buildings) and Germany, Thailand, and Ecuador (6.7% each, 4 buildings). Completion records reveal a peak in 2021, with eight structures erected. Small residences constitute 53.3% (16 units), whereas places of assembly account for 36.7% (11 units). All constructions use pontoons as their foundational supports. Plastic (48%) and concrete (33%) are the primary materials, together comprising 81% of occurrences. This study establishes a foundational dataset for future research, providing essential information regarding the development, regional patterns, and technological inclinations of floating architecture. The findings underscore the potential of pontoon-supported structures and highlight material enhancements as a vital area for future development in this emerging field.

Date: 2025
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