Application of DNA Forensic Evidence in Criminal Justice System

Ofomata Chijioke Maxwell and Chukwudum Chiemeka Prince
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Ofomata Chijioke Maxwell: Department of Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Anambra State Nigeria
Chukwudum Chiemeka Prince: Department of Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Anambra State Nigeria

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science, 2025, vol. 10, issue 3, 312-320

Abstract: The present paper explored the constructive contribution of DNA in forensic science and how it has influenced criminal cases. It also examined how STR analysis and PCR amplified forensic evidence, making producing accurate and precise results easier. The study also brought in aspects such as NGS and the pilot of these aspects for such problems as degraded or low template samples. Further, the paper also discussed the applicability of DNA databases like CODIS in attaching suspects to crime scenes and solving serial offenses in cases of wrongfully convicted people. The presented findings identified this DNA as serving a role in convicting the guilty and in acquitting the innocent, raising the value of DNA hugely in modern-day criminal justice. Still, there were problems such as technical problems involving the use of hybrid or low-quality profiles for matching, ethical issues like privacy concerns regarding DNA databases, and other staff issues, including a shortage of trained personnel and lack of proper resources, among others. The listed challenges were Inadequate IT staffing, Multiple challenges for IT staffing in the global economy, Emerging technologies, and Expanded global collaborations. The effective solutions identified based on CBT were Emerging technologies and expanded global collaborations. The paper also reiterated what currently is a major challenge in forensic DNA analysis and what more needs to be done to overcome these limitations while upholding the principle of ethical practice. DNA evidence could still make more tremendous contributions to justice systems worldwide by maintaining innovation and responsibility in equal measures.

Date: 2025
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