Examining the Impact of Hawking on Personal Development: Predictors and Determinants

Otunomeruke James Allen, Itiveh Francis, Eriyeva A. Godspower and Ejemah Emumena Thomas
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Otunomeruke James Allen: Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Delta State, Nigeria
Itiveh Francis: Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Delta State, Nigeria
Eriyeva A. Godspower: Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Delta State, Nigeria
Ejemah Emumena Thomas: Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Delta State, Nigeria

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science, 2024, vol. 9, issue 10, 493-510

Abstract: Hawking is a prevalent economic activity in many developing countries, contributing significantly to the informal economy and the livelihoods of individuals. This is a cross-sectional study using data collected from household-based survey on April 2024 in Isoko Communities with 500 women and men aged 15-65 that had at least one vendor in the last two years. The study assessed the impacts of hawking and personal development using statistical methods. Analysis was conducted in SPSS vs 26 that provided parameters such as descriptive statistic, correlation, regression models, and -2 Likelihood ratio test. Identified push factors contributing to the prevalence of hawking are poverty (88.6%), underemployment (84.2%), low income (82.6%), unemployment (80.2%), food insecurity (75.6%), and broken-homes (58.4%). The associated “Pull factors†include poverty alleviation (79.2%), and income earnings (9.4%). The study documented some effects which include low academic performance (26.2%), unwanted pregnancy (23.8%), and early marriage (6.4%). The results reveal that multiple socioeconomic and personal factors significantly increase the likelihood of engaging in hawking. The most influential predictors are “low income†and “underemployment†, both of which dramatically increase the odds of individuals resulting to hawking.

Date: 2024
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