The Environmental and Health Implications of Microplastics on Human and Aquatic Life

Obinna Ofoegbu, Peter O. Onuwa, Ijeoma Kelle, Sarah U. Onogwu, Oluwadolapo J. Ajakaye, Japheth A. Lullah-Deh, Joy Egwumah and Teryima Philip Unongul
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Obinna Ofoegbu: Polymer, Nano and Molecular Recognition Materials Research Group, Department of Industrial Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Benue State.
Peter O. Onuwa: Department of Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.
Ijeoma Kelle: Department of Chemistry, National Open University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria.
Sarah U. Onogwu: Department of Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.
Oluwadolapo J. Ajakaye: Department of Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.
Japheth A. Lullah-Deh: Department of Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.
Joy Egwumah: Department of Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.
Teryima Philip Unongul: Department of Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science, 2024, vol. 9, issue 9, 367-377

Abstract: The pervasive presence of microplastics in the environment has emerged as a significant concern due to their potential health implications for both human and aquatic life. Microplastics are plastic particles smaller than 5 millimeters, originated from various sources, including the degradation of larger plastic debris, industrial processes and consumer products. In aquatic ecosystems, microplastics are ingested by a wide range of organisms, from plankton to fish, leading to physical and chemical impacts. These particles can cause internal injuries, blockages, and alterations in feeding behavior, ultimately affecting growth, reproduction, and survival rates of marine species. The bioaccumulation and biomagnification of microplastics and associated pollutants further aggravates these effects and eventually disrupting entire food webs. However, human exposure to microplastics occurs through multiple pathways including consumption of contaminated seafood, drinking water and inhalation of airborne particles. Studies have shown that microplastics can translocate across the gastrointestinal tract and accumulate in various tissues, raising concerns about their potential toxicity. The health implications for humans include inflammatory responses, cytotoxicity and potential endocrine disruption. Although extensive long-term studies are still needed to fully understand these effects. Microplastics can also act as vectors for harmful chemicals and pathogens, further complicating their impact on health. Additionally, addressing the issue of microplastic pollution requires a multi-faceted approach, encompassing improved waste management practices, reduction in plastic production and use, and enhanced public awareness. Research into alternative materials and innovative technologies for plastic degradation is also essential. By mitigating the sources and impacts of microplastics, we can safeguard the health of both aquatic ecosystems and human populations.

Date: 2024
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