Prevalence of Cataract in Relation to Socio-demographic Factors: A Population Based Cross Sectional Study of Adults in Imo State Nigeria

Tochukwu I. Obianozie, Stanley J. Ozims, Izuchukwu F. Eberendu and Gregory N. Iwuoha
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Tochukwu I. Obianozie: Department of Public Health, Imo State University Owerri, Nigeria
Stanley J. Ozims: Department of Public Health, Imo State University Owerri, Nigeria
Izuchukwu F. Eberendu: Department of Public Health, Imo State University Owerri, Nigeria
Gregory N. Iwuoha: Department of Public Health, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Nigeria

International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science, 2024, vol. 9, issue 9, 610-619

Abstract: Cataract is among the major causes of blindness and visual impairments among adults globally. The present study was designed as a population based cross sectional study aimed at determining the prevalence of cataract in relation to factors of socio demographics among adults in Imo State South Eastern Nigeria. Subjects were examined of the presence of cataract via Slit Lamp Biomicroscopy. Lens opacity was performed using Lens Opacity Classification System (LOCS) III system. A slit lamp examination was conducted and the presence and severity of specific lens opacity were compared. Socio-demographic information was obtained using a validated study questionnaire. Data analyses were conducted through descriptive and inferential analysis. Descriptive technique was used to describe the data characteristics in a frequency distribution. Chi square test was used to test for association between class variables. Logistic regression method was used to establish significant factors to cataract and odds ratios were computed to account for size effect measures. A total of 792 adults were studied and the prevalence of cataract was 3.7% (29 out of 792) in the study area. Significant socio-demographic risk factors found include age (P=0.000, ê­”2= 48.85), occupation (P=0.000, ê­”2= 40.69), education (P=0.001, ê­”2= 19.99) and household income level (P=0.004, ê­”2= 15.55). The odds for cataracts was lower in younger age such as 45-50 years than in older age such as 60 and above (OR =0.05, 95% CI =0.01, 0.23). it was also lower among higher school education level participants (OR =0.071, 95% CI =0.009, 0.561) against the non-formal education group. The disease was high among low household income (7.1%). In conclusion, cataract prevalence in relation to socio-demographic factor remained a challenging factor to the that needed to be taking into account in any preventive measures against the burden of the disease.

Date: 2024
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