Socioeconomic development in the context of nuclear past: The case of Kazakhstan

Aigerim Mussabalinova, Artur Antimonov, Mukhtar Amanbaiuly and Nikita Durnev

Development Policy Review, 2025, vol. 43, issue 2

Abstract: Motivation Understanding the consequences of the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site is crucial for global nuclear disarmament, environmental protection, and community‐centred social policies. This article highlights the ongoing challenges faced by the inhabitants of the Abay region in Kazakhstan. Purpose The primary objective of the study is to inform and enhance policies related to the former Semipalatinsk nuclear testing site. A key focus is understanding how locals perceive the site's impact on socioeconomic development. Methods and Approach This study uses semi‐structured interviews with locals. The research question addresses how locals perceive the impact of the Semipalatinsk test site on socioeconomic development. Data were collected through 48 interviews from January to March 2024 in the cities of Semey and Kurchatov and thematic patterns were analysed within Galtung's (1990) social justice framework. Findings The research shows how prolonged neglect by government impacts the investment climate and social well‐being. Restricted access to information on land contamination has hindered explanatory work. The study reveals gaps in understanding among residents and varying access to information. Policy Implications An effort on the part of the government to improve information and communication exchange is needed to address the nuclear site's impact, considering differing perceptions. Legislative actions should focus on remediating contamination, protecting public health, and ensuring participatory environmental governance. Policies must address the socioeconomic effects of environmental degradation, promoting social justice and sustainable development. Targeted infrastructure investment is vital for economic growth. Supporting emerging sectors such as medicine, services, and knowledge‐based industries will create employment opportunities and address brain drain.

Date: 2025
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