Biases in Local Government Elections Due to Position on the Ballot Paper

D. Brook and G. J. G. Upton

Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C, 1974, vol. 23, issue 3, 414-419

Abstract: This study of the 1973 Local Government Elections in England and Wales shows that the position of a candidate's name on the ballot paper can have an important effect in terms of the number of votes which he receives. In particular the lower‐placed members of each party are quite seriously disadvantaged. Investigations into the relationship between this positional effect and other aspects of the election show that it occurs quite generally. A simple model is formulated which attempts to explain the phenomenon.

Date: 1974
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