An Application of Bradley‐Terry‐Type Models to the Measurement of Pain

J. N. S. Matthews and K. P. Morris

Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C, 1995, vol. 44, issue 2, 243-255

Abstract: A case‐study concerning the measurement of pain experienced in the administration of routine subcutaneous injections to patients undergoing regular haemodialysis is presented. The four treatments studied had a 2 times 2 factorial structure: one factor comprised two forms of the anaemia correcting substance erythropoietin, and the other whether an anaesthetic or placebo cream was applied to the injection site. On a visit to the dialysis unit, a patient is given two of the treatments, one in each arm, and asked to nominate the less painful injection; on a subsequent visit the patient is asked to compare the remaining treatments in a similar way. These paired comparisons are analysed by using a version of the Bradley‐Terry model which accommodates ties and order effects. Extensions to the method to allow for factorial treatments and dependent judgments are developed.

Date: 1995
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