GDP, GDI, and Trading Gains: An Alternative View

Bert M. Balk

Review of Income and Wealth, 2025, vol. 71, issue 1

Abstract: This note argues that, from an economic‐statistical point of view, trading gains, as difference between real gross domestic income and real gross domestic product, may be considered as a statistical artifact; that is, trading gains vanish if a particular deflator for the trade balance is chosen.

Date: 2025
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