Factors Driving the Promotion of Hydroelectricity: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis

Lorenz Kammermann

Review of Policy Research, 2018, vol. 35, issue 2, 213-237

Abstract: In the wake of the COP21 conference in Paris, the transition to a low†carbon energy supply remains a central issue on the political agenda. The deployment of renewable energies is often challenged by multiple issues (e.g., public acceptance, landscape protection, and so forth). Political actors try to overcome such challenges with various measures; however, the policy instruments used vary greatly in their strength. This article questions what factors lead to the adoption of strong policy instruments promoting hydroelectricity. Explanatory factors are derived from Kingdon's multiple streams framework and are analyzed with fuzzy†set qualitative comparative analysis within the Swiss cantons. The findings show that the strength of policy promoting hydroelectricity depends on the conjunction of mainly two factors: ambitious climate targets and an already well†established hydroelectricity sector that generates large tax revenues for the cantons. Depending on the context, the strength of left†wing and green parties as well as the current level of exploitation play an important role with the aforementioned factors.æŽ¨å¹¿æ°´åŠ›å ‘ç”µçš„é©±åŠ¨å› ç´ : å®šæ€§æ¯”è¾ƒåˆ†æž ç»§å·´é»Žä¸¾è¡Œç¬¬21æ¬¡æ°”å€™å³°ä¼šå Ž, è¿‡æ¸¡åˆ°ä½Žç¢³èƒ½æº ä¾›åº”ä¸€äº‹ä¾ æ—§æ˜¯æ”¿æ²»è®®ç¨‹çš„ä¸­å¿ƒè®®é¢˜ã€‚å ¯å† ç”Ÿèƒ½æº çš„éƒ¨ç½²æ—¶å¸¸å —åˆ°å¤šé‡ é—®é¢˜çš„æŒ‘æˆ˜ï¼ˆä¾‹å¦‚å…¬å…±æŽ¥å —åº¦ã€ æ™¯è§‚ä¿ æŠ¤ç­‰ï¼‰ã€‚æ”¿æ²»è¡ŒåŠ¨è€…è¯•å›¾ç”¨ä¸ å Œæ–¹æ³•æˆ˜èƒœè¿™äº›æŒ‘æˆ˜, 然而, ä¸ å Œè¡ŒåŠ¨è€…ä½¿ç”¨çš„æ”¿ç­–å·¥å…·å­˜åœ¨å·¨å¤§å·®å¼‚ã€‚æ˜¯ä»€ä¹ˆå› ç´ å¯¼è‡´è¡ŒåŠ¨è€…é‡‡ç”¨å¼ºåŠ›çš„æ”¿ç­–å·¥å…·æŽ¨åŠ¨æ°´åŠ›å ‘ç”µï¼Ÿæœ¬æ–‡å¯¹æ­¤æ 出了疑问。从金顿（Kingdon）æ å‡ºçš„å¤šæº æµ æ¡†æž¶ï¼ˆMultiple Streams Framework, MSFï¼‰ä¸­é€‰å –è§£é‡Šå› ç´ , å Œæ—¶ä»¥ç‘žå£«å „å·žä¸ºèƒŒæ™¯, æœ¬æ–‡ä½¿ç”¨æ¨¡ç³Šé›†å®šæ€§æ¯”è¾ƒåˆ†æž æ³•ï¼ˆfuzzy†set qualitative comparative analysis, fsQCAï¼‰å¯¹è§£é‡Šå› ç´ è¿›è¡Œäº†ç ”ç©¶ã€‚ç ”ç©¶ç»“æžœæ˜¾ç¤º, æŽ¨åŠ¨æ°´åŠ›å ‘ç”µçš„æ”¿ç­–åŠ›åº¦å –å†³äºŽä¸¤ç§ ä¸»è¦ å› ç´ çš„ç»“å ˆï¼šè¿œå¤§çš„æ°”å€™ç›®æ ‡å’Œæ—©å·²å»ºç«‹å¥½çš„æ°´ç”µéƒ¨é—¨, å Žè€…ä¸ºç‘žå£«å·žäº§ç”Ÿäº†å¤§é‡ çš„ç¨Žæ”¶æ”¶å…¥ã€‚è§†å…·ä½“æƒ…å¢ƒè€Œå®š, 左翼和绿党的实力, ä»¥å Šå½“å‰ çš„å‰¥å‰Šç¨‹åº¦, ä¸‰è€…åœ¨æ­¤å‰ æ å Šçš„å› ç´ ä¸­æ‰®æ¼”é‡ è¦ è§’è‰²ã€‚Los factores que impulsan la promoción de la energía hidroeléctrica: un análisis cualitativo comparativo Después de la conferencia COP21 en París, la transición a suministros de energía con uso reducido de carbonos continúa siendo un tema central en la agenda política. El despliegue de energías renovables se ve a menudo desafiado por múltiples temas. (por ejemplo: la aceptación pública, la conservación de paisajes etc.) Los actores políticos intentan superar estos retos a través de varias medidas; sin embargo, los instrumentos políticos que se usan varían mucho en su poder. Este documento cuestiona qué factores llevan a la adopción de instrumentos políticos fuertes para promover la energía hidroeléctrica. Los factores explicativos se derivan del Marco de las Corrientes Múltiples de Kingdon (MSF) y se analizan a través de un análisis comparativo y cualitativo de conjuntos difusos (fsQCA) entre los cantones suizos. Los hallazgos muestran que el poder de las políticas que promueven la energía eléctrica depende de la coyuntura de dos factores: objetivos climáticos ambiciosos y un sector hidroeléctrico ya fuertemente establecido que genere grandes ganancias de impuestos para los cantones. Dependiendo del contexto, el poder de los partidos de izquierda, así como el nivel actual de explotación juegan un papel importante en los factores ya mencionados.

Date: 2018
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