The Revised German Raw Materials Strategy in the Light of Global Political and Market Developments
Marc Schmid
Review of Policy Research, 2021, vol. 38, issue 1, 49-75
Abstract:
Raw material markets have proven to be challenging in recent years. The so‐called critical raw materials (CRMs), which are required for green technology, have particularly high environmental and supply risks. The revised German raw materials strategy attempts to address challenges of production and supply of CRMs and other mineral‐based raw materials. This contribution analyzes the motivation, measures, goals, and challenges of the German raw materials strategy in the light of global economic and political developments, applying the qualitative method GABEK®. Results show that the revised strategy is more ambitious and reaches farther than the initial strategy of 2010. Challenges that remain include the lack of willingness of the German industry to engage in mine production and the more pro‐active political approaches demonstrated elsewhere. As all major economic powerhouses outside of Europe pursue a hands‐on approach, it remains questionable if the revised German raw materials strategy will fundamentally be able to sustainably secure raw material supply for the German industry. Los mercados de materias primas han demostrado ser un desafío en los últimos años. Las denominadas materias primas críticas (CRM), que son necesarias para la tecnología verde, presentan riesgos medioambientales y de suministro particularmente elevados. La estrategia alemana de materias primas revisada recientemente anunciada intenta abordar los desafíos de la producción y el suministro de CRM y otras materias primas a base de minerales. Esta contribución analiza la motivación, medidas, objetivos y desafíos de la estrategia alemana de materias primas a la luz de los desarrollos económicos y políticos globales, aplicando el método cualitativo GABEK®. Los resultados muestran que la estrategia revisada es más ambiciosa y va más allá que la estrategia inicial de 2010. Los desafíos que quedan incluyen la falta de voluntad de la industria alemana para participar en la producción minera y los enfoques políticos más proactivos demostrados en otros lugares. Dado que todas las grandes potencias económicas fuera de Europa persiguen una evaluación práctica, sigue siendo cuestionable si la estrategia alemana revisada de materias primas podrá fundamentalmente asegurar de forma sostenible el suministro de materias primas para la industria alemana. 近年来原材料市场证明是具有挑战性的。绿色科技所要求的关键原材料(CRMs)尤其具有高环境风险和供应风险。近期宣布的修订版德国原材料战略试图应对CRMs和其他矿物原材料的生产和供应所带来的挑战。本文使用定性方法GABEK®,分析了全球经济和政治发展背景下德国原材料战略的动机、方法、目标和挑战。结果表明,修订后的战略比2010年最初战略更有志向,覆盖面更广。仍然存在的挑战包括德国产业在参与矿产开采方面意愿的缺乏,以及其他地区出现的更积极的政治措施。鉴于欧洲以外的所有大型经济强国追求一种实际操作的方法,还有待考究的是,修订版德国原材料战略是否将从根本上为德国产业可持续地确保原材料供应。
Date: 2021
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