Policy conflicts in shale development in China and the United States

Kathleen S. Bailey, Hongtao Yi, Tanya Heikkila and Christopher M. Weible

Review of Policy Research, 2023, vol. 40, issue 4, 589-605

Abstract: Policy conflicts are ubiquitous in many countries. Yet research on policy conflict is typically based on cases in western, democratic countries. As a result, little is known about the characteristics of policy conflicts in non‐western countries, such as China, or how these characteristics compare to western contexts. The Policy Conflict Framework (PCF) was recently developed to help scholars identify, diagnose, and compare policy conflict characteristics. This research uses the PCF to guide a comparative analysis of the nature of policy conflicts in China and the United States. With interview data on policy actors from Chongqing, China and Colorado, USA, we present the findings by comparing the differences and similarities of policy conflicts in the two countries around shale oil and gas development. We conclude with the strengths and limitations of this comparative study of policy conflicts in China and other national contexts, along with recommendations for conducting PCF research in China. Los conflictos de políticas son omnipresentes en muchos países. Sin embargo, la investigación sobre conflictos de políticas generalmente se basa en casos de países democráticos occidentales. Como resultado, se sabe poco sobre las características de los conflictos de políticas en países no occidentales, como China, o cómo estas características se comparan con los contextos occidentales. El Marco de conflicto de políticas (PCF) se desarrolló recientemente para ayudar a los académicos a identificar, diagnosticar y comparar las características de los conflictos de políticas. Esta investigación utiliza el PCF para guiar un análisis comparativo de la naturaleza de los conflictos de políticas en China y Estados Unidos. Con datos de entrevistas sobre actores de políticas de Chongqing, China y Colorado, EE. UU., presentamos los hallazgos comparando las diferencias y similitudes de los conflictos de políticas en los dos países en torno al desarrollo de petróleo y gas de esquisto. Concluimos con las fortalezas y limitaciones de este estudio comparativo de conflictos de políticas en China y otros contextos nacionales, junto con recomendaciones para realizar investigaciones PCF en China. 政策冲突普遍出现在许多国家。不过，关于政策冲突的研究通常基于西方民主国家案例。因此，几乎没有研究聚焦于中国等非西方国家中政策冲突的特征，或者这些特征如何与西方情境相比较。最近提出的政策冲突框架(PCF)被用于帮助学者识别、诊断和比较政策冲突的特征。本研究使用PCF，对中美政策冲突性质进行比较分析。通过对中国重庆和美国科罗拉多州的政策行动者进行访谈以获取数据，我们比较了两国围绕页岩油气开发的政策冲突的异同点。我们的结论描述了中国和其他国家的政策冲突比较研究的优势和局限性，并就在中国开展PCF研究一事提供了建议。

Date: 2023
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