Addressing Confounding in Predictive Models with an Application to Neuroimaging

Linn Kristin A., Gaonkar Bilwaj, Doshi Jimit, Davatzikos Christos and Shinohara Russell T. ()
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Linn Kristin A.: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
Gaonkar Bilwaj: Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
Doshi Jimit: Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
Davatzikos Christos: Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
Shinohara Russell T.: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania

The International Journal of Biostatistics, 2016, vol. 12, issue 1, 31-44

Abstract: Understanding structural changes in the brain that are caused by a particular disease is a major goal of neuroimaging research. Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) comprises a collection of tools that can be used to understand complex disease efxcfects across the brain. We discuss several important issues that must be considered when analyzing data from neuroimaging studies using MVPA. In particular, we focus on the consequences of confounding by non-imaging variables such as age and sex on the results of MVPA. After reviewing current practice to address confounding in neuroimaging studies, we propose an alternative approach based on inverse probability weighting. Although the proposed method is motivated by neuroimaging applications, it is broadly applicable to many problems in machine learning and predictive modeling. We demonstrate the advantages of our approach on simulated and real data examples.

Keywords: Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA); structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); confounding; inverse probability weighting; support vector machine (SVM); machine learning; predictive modeling (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2016
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DOI: 10.1515/ijb-2015-0030

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