Das „Bruttonationalglück“ als Leitlinie der Politik in Bhutan – eine ordnungspolitische Analyse / An Ordo-Liberal Analysis of “Gross National Happiness” as Guideline of Politics in Bhutan

Pfaff Tobias

ORDO. Jahrbuch für die Ordnung von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, 2011, vol. 62, issue 1, 365-386

Abstract: The king of the small South Asian state of Bhutan declared in the late 1970’s that for his country Gross National Happiness is more important than Gross National Product. As a definition, Gross National Happiness can be understood as a multidimensional and sustainability oriented structure of social and economic order in Bhutan. Based on Buddhist principles and values it aims for an equilibrium of economic growth and other goals of development as well as for the preservation of national identity and the environment. This article analyses Gross National Happiness from an ordo-liberal perspective. The reconstruction of the existing frame of economic order shows that the “interdependence of orders” in the tradition of Eucken also prevails in Bhutan. The unifying element of the constituent and regulating factors is a basic ethical norm shaped by Buddhist principles. The analysis shows certain parallels of Gross National Happiness and the Social Market Economy. Differences become apparent through factors contrarious to the social and economic order.

Date: 2011
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DOI: 10.1515/ordo-2011-0116

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