Physicochemical and antioxidant evaluation of watercress (Rorippa nasturtium aquaticum L.) leaf extracts

Edgar Daniel Cabrera-Domínguez, Jesús Rodríguez-Miranda, Reyna Nallely Falfán-Cortés, Enrique Ramirez-Figueroa, Juan Gabriel Torruco-Uco and Betsabé Hernández-Santos
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Edgar Daniel Cabrera-Domínguez: Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtepec, Tuxtepec, Oaxaca, México
Jesús Rodríguez-Miranda: Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtepec, Tuxtepec, Oaxaca, México
Reyna Nallely Falfán-Cortés: Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México
Enrique Ramirez-Figueroa: Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtepec, Tuxtepec, Oaxaca, México
Juan Gabriel Torruco-Uco: Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtepec, Tuxtepec, Oaxaca, México
Betsabé Hernández-Santos: Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtepec, Tuxtepec, Oaxaca, México

Czech Journal of Food Sciences, 2025, vol. 43, issue 4, 274-282

Abstract: This research aimed to evaluate the type of solvent (80% methanol, ethanol, and water), solute/solvent ratio (1 : 10 and 1 : 15 w/v), maceration time (0 h, 24 h and 7 d) and stage of leaf maturity [vegetative (VW) and generative (GW)] on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of watercress leaf extracts. The leaf was characterised by determining the chemical composition, the phytochemical profile, and the colour. The GW presented the highest moisture content [93.25 g.(100 g)-1], carbohydrates [70.74 g.(100 g)-1], and lightness (L* = 59.66), and the presence of alkaloids, phytosterols, phenols, and flavonoids. VW had the highest protein content [26.52 g.(100 g)-1] and the lowest presence of phytochemicals. The best solvent for the extraction was distilled water at a 1 : 15 w/v ratio, GW at 24 h rest centrifuged at 2 300 × g for 15 min, obtaining the highest values of phenols [2 077 mg GAE.(100 g)-1], of dust and an inhibition power of 85.09% by the 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation (ABTS+) radical method. Therefore, cress leaves in the generative stage can be considered a potential source of bioactive compounds, and using water as an extracting agent for these compounds makes it a viable and economical method to be used in the food industry, and in addition, to be friendly to the environment.

Keywords: antioxidant capacity; extraction; maceration; phytochemical compounds; wild plants (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:caa:jnlcjf:v:43:y:2025:i:4:id:139-2023-cjfs

DOI: 10.17221/139/2023-CJFS

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