Mitigating methane in dairy cattle: Integrated strategies and the evolving role of precision livestock farming

Eva Mixtajová, Joana Nery, Radovan Kasarda, Muzaffer Denlí, Achille Schiavone, Alkan Çağl&#, José Francisco Pérez, Hasan Hüseyin İpçak, José Luis Repetto, Stanislava Drotárová and Cecilia Cajarville
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Eva Mixtajová: Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Project Management Office, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
Joana Nery: Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
Radovan Kasarda: Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Project Management Office, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
Muzaffer Denlí: Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
Achille Schiavone: Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
Alkan Çağl&#: Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
José Francisco Pérez: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Türkiye
Hasan Hüseyin İpçak: Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
José Luis Repetto: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Türkiye
Stanislava Drotárová: Department of Animal and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona - UAB, Barcelona, Spain
Cecilia Cajarville: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Türkiye

Czech Journal of Animal Science, vol. preprint

Abstract: Modern dairy farming faces the dual challenge of meeting global food demands while mitigating its environmental impact, particularly greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, such as methane (CH4), a potent contributor to climate change. This review explores the role of Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) technologies in monitoring and reducing CH4 emissions from dairy cattle. We evaluate state-of-the-art methods, including direct monitoring (e.g. respiratory chambers, GreenFeed systems) and indirect approaches (e.g. infrared milk spectroscopy, AI-driven analytics), alongside mitigation strategies such as nutritional optimisation, genetic selection, and ruminal additives. PLF emerges as a transformative tool, integrating real-time data on animal health, feed efficiency, and environmental conditions to optimise management practices and reduce emissions per unit of milk produced. By synthesising current research, we highlight the potential of PLF to reconcile productivity with sustainability, offering scalable solutions for the dairy sector. Critical gaps in real-time CH4 monitoring and farm-level implementation are identified, underscoring the need for further innovation. This review provides a roadmap for aligning dairy production with global climate goals while ensuring food security for the growing population.

Keywords: emission monitoring; mitigation strategies; rumen fermentation; ruminant emissions; sustainability (search for similar items in EconPapers)
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:preprint:id:116-2025-cjas

DOI: 10.17221/116/2025-CJAS

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