Evaluation of animal logging in the mixed broadleaved mountain forest: Economic and environmental impacts

Aysan Badraghi, Jörn Erler, Seyed Ata Ollah Hosseini and Robert Lang
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Aysan Badraghi: Department of Forest Technology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Technical University Dresden, Tharandt, Germany
Jörn Erler: Department of Forest Technology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Technical University Dresden, Tharandt, Germany
Seyed Ata Ollah Hosseini: Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Robert Lang: Department of Forest Technology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Technical University Dresden, Tharandt, Germany

Journal of Forest Science, 2018, vol. 64, issue 6, 251-259

Abstract: This investigation assessed the economic and environmental impacts of small-scale wood logging by mules in the mixed broadleaved mountain forest. To develop a time prediction model, all measurements of time are replaced by their decadic logarithms. Unit cost was calculated by two methods: (i) as usual, division of the system cost by average productivity per hour, (ii) on the basis of the developed logarithmic models. To investigate the residual damage a 100% inventory method was employed in pre- and post-hauling, alongside the mule trail. A core sampling technique of bulk density was used for determining the degree of soil compaction, and soil disturbed widths were measured at a 5-m interval in the mule hauling direction. In this research, computed unit cost was 17.2 EUR.m-3 and estimated unit cost by the logarithmic model was 16.2 EUR.m-3. This result highlights the time consumption which estimated by the developed model was at a close ratio with real time (average at 95%). In terms of environmental impact, the results indicated that 5.7% of regenerations and 0% of trees were damaged. Also we found that the increased bulk density was not significant (P = 0.903) and only about 0.2% of the total area was disturbed.

Keywords: productivity and cost; logarithm; mule; residual damage; soil damage (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2018
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:64:y:2018:i:6:id:18-2018-jfs

DOI: 10.17221/18/2018-JFS

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