Les systèmes de retraite et les femmes. En France, en Allemagne et en Italie

Carole Bonnet, Odile Chagny and Paola Monperrus-Veroni

Revue de l'OFCE, 2004, vol. 90, issue 3, 343-378

Abstract: Focusing on gender issues, this paper compares old age pension systems in Germany, France and Italy and assesses the recent reforms. General rules for calculating pensions and the incidence of work behaviour and wage levels on the benefit?s level are described. Entitlements aimed at mitigating gender inequalities caused by child care and work behaviour are presented, as well as the main provisions of survivor?s pensions. Although pension systems are based in the three countries on pay-as-you-go models in the Bismarkian tradition and contain some Beveridge components, a precise understanding of the systems is helpful to understand the role played by the gaps inherited from the labour market and by pension systems in explaining the gender gap in old age benefits level. The main conclusion concerning reforms is that no common approach can be found among the three countries, at least as far as individualisation of women?s pension rights is concerned.

Date: 2004
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