PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC FACTORS IN EU AGRICULTURE: IMPACT AND INTERDEPENDENCIES

Moise-Toma Andreea-Raluca, Condrea Elena and Toma Stelian
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Moise-Toma Andreea-Raluca: OVIDIUS UNIVERSITY OF CONSTANTA, ROMANIA
Condrea Elena: OVIDIUS UNIVERSITY OF CONSTANTA, ROMANIA
Toma Stelian: SC SARA TOM COMPANY SRL

Annals - Economy Series, 2025, vol. 4, 342-351

Abstract: The study analyses the main economic factors of agriculture in the European Union Member States through the principal component analysis (PCA) method in order to identify common patterns and structural differences. On the basis of five key variables, the results highlight two dominant dimensions: one related to the volume and intensity of agricultural activity, the other to the economic efficiency of the factors used. The first two principal components explain over 86% of the total variance, which validates the proposed model. The representation of countries in the factor space reveals distinct agricultural profiles, ranging from large but inefficient economies to compact and efficient productive systems. The conclusions emphasise the need for differentiated agricultural policies that take into account economic, social and environmental dimensions in order to support a sustainable and competitive agricultural sector at European level.

Keywords: Agriculture; European Union; Principal component analysis; Economic efficiency Agricultural policies (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:cbu:jrnlec:y:2025:v:4:p:342-351

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