Attention and Executive Functions in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Across the Lifespan

Yuselys de la Caridad Cordero Cabrera, Gleddys Gallardo-Pons and Marcos Alejandro Cabrera-Gallardo
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Yuselys de la Caridad Cordero Cabrera: Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río. Hospital Pediátrico Provincial Docente “Pepe Portilla”. Pinar del Río, Cuba
Gleddys Gallardo-Pons: Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río. Hospital Pediátrico Provincial Docente “Pepe Portilla”. Pinar del Río, Cuba
Marcos Alejandro Cabrera-Gallardo: Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río. Hospital Pediátrico Provincial Docente “Pepe Portilla”. Pinar del Río, Cuba

International Journal of Neurology, 2024, vol. 58, 101

Abstract: Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterised by significant deficits in sustained and divided attention, working memory, response inhibition, and planning. These impairments, which are more pronounced in childhood, persist into adulthood with great clinical heterogeneity, varying in presentation according to age, gender, and associated comorbidities.Objective: To integrate the available evidence on the evolution of executive functions and attention in ADHD throughout the life cycle, describing the characteristic deficits, associated phenomena such as hyperconcentration, and the effectiveness of compensatory strategies.Development: neurobiological alterations are identified in fronto-parietal, fronto-striatal, and cerebellar networks, supported by theoretical models such as executive dysfunction and attentional networks. Hyperconcentration is described as a state of intense and absorbing attention, common in ADHD and linked to difficulties in attentional regulation. The interventions with the greatest scientific support include pharmacotherapy (especially stimulants) and cognitive-behavioural therapy, complemented by behavioural, organisational, and technological compensatory strategies that must be adapted to each stage of development.Conclusions: Attention and executive function impairments in ADHD significantly impact academic, occupational, and psychosocial functioning throughout life. Multimodal assessments and individualised therapeutic approaches, based on neurocognitive profile and life stage, are required to optimise functional outcomes. Future longitudinal research is needed to better understand the trajectory of these deficits.

Keywords: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; Executive Functions; Attention; Life Cycle; Hyperconcentration; Compensatory Strategies (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:cwh:ijneur:v:58:y:2024:id:101

DOI: 10.62486/ijn2024101

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