Cross Examining Consolidation Between the LLM Market and US Electricity Market Dynamics

Zhao, Jingyao (Lux)

European Journal of Business, Economics & Management, 2026, vol. 2, issue 1, 55-64

Abstract: Model (LLM) market and the U.S. electricity market. The increasing computational demands of training and deploying LLMs necessitate significant energy consumption, primarily fulfilled by electricity. This creates a vertical integration scenario where the LLM industry becomes increasingly intertwined with electricity generation, transmission, and distribution. We analyze the historical context of both industries, focusing on the technological advancements, market structures, and regulatory landscapes that have shaped their current states. Core themes explored include the energy intensity of LLMs, the potential for LLMs to optimize electricity grid management, and the economic and environmental implications of this convergence. We compare and contrast the differing operational paradigms and assess the challenges of integrating these disparate sectors. Finally, we consider future perspectives, including the role of renewable energy sources, advancements in energy-efficient computing, and the potential for new business models that leverage the synergy between LLMs and the electricity market. This review synthesizes interdisciplinary research to provide a comprehensive understanding of the complex relationship between these rapidly evolving sectors.

Keywords: Large Language Models (LLMs); electricity market; vertical consolidation; energy consumption; grid optimization; renewable energy; artificial intelligence (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
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