Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Can Help Contain Resistance to Antibiotics

Michael A. Ribers and Hannes Ullrich

DIW Weekly Report, 2019, vol. 9, issue 19, 169-175

Abstract: Improving physicians’ prescription practices is a primary strategy for countering the rise in resistance to antibiotics. This would prevent physicians from incorrectly prescribing antibiotics, one of the main causes of antibiotic resistance. The increasing availability of medical data and methods of machine learning provide an opportunity to generate instant diagnoses. In the present study, the example of urinary tract infections in Denmark is used to demonstrate how data-based predictions can improve clinical practice in the face of increasing antibiotic resistance. For this purpose, comprehensive administrative and medical data, in combination with machine learning methods and economic modeling, were used to develop rules for prescribing antibiotics. The total number of prescriptions could be reduced by 7.42 percent by applying the recommended policy measures without reducing the number of treated bacterial infections. This demonstrates the great potential of this method. However, in Germany this potential cannot be tapped until more information is digitized. The information that must be supplied to the IT systems in physicians’ practices and hospitals is often collected and saved by decentralized institutions; linking it is key.

Keywords: Antibiotic prescribing; prediction policy; machine learning; expert decision-making (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C10 C55 I11 I18 L38 O38 Q28 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
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