DEL EXTRACTIVISMO AL NEOEXTRACTIVISMO EN ARGENTINA: ANÁLISIS DE LA EVOLUCIÓN DEL IMPACTO AMBIENTAL Y LA DEPENDENCIA EXTERNA (1990-2017)

Pablo Alonso-Fernandez and Rosa María REGUEIRO Ferreira

Regional and Sectoral Economic Studies, 2021, vol. 21, issue 1, 33-46

Abstract: en este trabajo se analiza la evolución del impacto ambiental de Argentina en el período 1990-2017, lo que permite estudiar las diferencias entre la fase extractivista y la neoextractivista de la economía argentina. Para ello, se utilizan indicadores de consumo de materiales obtenidos a través de la metodología del Análisis de Flujos Materiales, combinados con indicadores monetarios, lo que permite analizar de forma secundaria la dependencia externa. Los resultados muestran que tanto el impacto ambiental no ha dejado de crecer en todo el período, por lo que las diferencias entre ambos modelos no son significativas en términos ambientales. Además, Argentina presenta problemas para equilibrar su balance comercial monetario cuando los precios de las commodities no son favorables, al tiempo que mantiene una posición netamente exportadora en términos físicos. Esto dificulta la diversificación económica intersectorial y obliga a mantener un modelo económico que lleva a la absorción de un importante impacto ambiental del resto del mundo.

this paper analyses the evolution of Argentina's environmental impact in the period 1990-2017, which allows us to study the differences between the extractivist and neo-extractivist phases of the Argentinean economy. To do so, we use material consumption indicators obtained through the Material Flow Analysis methodology, combined with monetary indicators, which allows for a secondary analysis of external dependence. The results show that the environmental impact has not stopped growing throughout the period, so that the differences between the two models are not significant in environmental terms. Furthermore, Argentina has problems balancing its monetary trade balance when commodity prices are not favourable, while maintaining a net export position in physical terms. This makes inter-sectoral economic diversification difficult and forces Argentina to maintain an economic model that leads to the absorption of a significant environmental impact from the rest of the world.

Keywords: extractivismo; neoextractivismo; impacto ambiental; Análisis de Flujos Materiales; Argentina. extractivism; neoextractivismo; environmental impact; Material Flows Analysis. (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q17 Q27 Q37 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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