The Impact of Kyoto Protocol on Environment Quality in the Free Trade Era: Case of G20 Countries

Puspaning Buanawaty and Fithra Hastiadi
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Puspaning Buanawaty: Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia,

International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 2017, vol. 7, issue 3, 36-42

Abstract: The impact of trade openness on environment is not easy to be figured out. The scale and technique effects of trade tend to have opposite direction, while the composition effect depends on the comparative advantage of a country. One way to avoid the world's emission level is the ratification of Kyoto Protocol in 1997. This study aims to analyze the impact of trade openness and Kyoto Protocol on CO2 emission level. This research employs macroeconomics data in G20 countries from 1996 to 2008 by using ordinary least squares with gravity instrument variable model from G20 countries trade flows. The estimation results indicate that trade openness has positive and significant effect on CO2 emissions level. Meanwhile, Kyoto Protocol has insignificant effect on CO2 emissions level, thereby signifying the ineffectiveness of the Protocol's implementation.

Keywords: Trade Openness; Kyoto Protocol; CO2 Emissions (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: F18 F53 Q54 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2017
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eco:journ1:2017-03-6

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