Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in Portugal

Muhammad Shahbaz, Smile Dube, Ilhan Ozturk and Abdul Jalil
Additional contact information
Smile Dube: California State University, Sacramento, CA, USA,

International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2015, vol. 5, issue 2, 475-481

Abstract: This paper provides empirical evidence of an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for Portugal by applying autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing approach from 1971 to 2008. In order to capture Portugal s historical experience, demographic changes and international trade on carbon emissions, we augment the traditional income-emissions model with variables such as energy consumption, urbanization, and trade openness in time series framework. Empirical results confirm the evidence of EKC hypothesis in both the short-run and long-run. All variables carry the expected signs except trade openness. Despite the success of Portugal in containing CO2 emissions so far, it is important to note that in recent years, carbon emissions have risen. In order to comply with the 1992 Kyoto Protocol on CO2 emissions, there is need for policies that focus on the sectors responsible for CO2 emissions.

Keywords: Carbon Dioxide Emissions; Energy Consumption; Environmental Kuznets Curve (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C32 O52 Q43 Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2015
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (343)

Downloads: (external link)
http://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijeep/article/download/1126/653 (application/pdf)
http://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijeep/article/view/1126/653 (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eco:journ2:2015-02-11

Access Statistics for this article

International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy is currently edited by Ilhan Ozturk

More articles in International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy from Econjournals
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Ilhan Ozturk ().