An Empirical Investigation between FDI, Tourism, and Trade on CO2 Emission in Asia: Testing Environmental Kuznet Curve and Pollution Haven Hypothesis

Rossanto Dwi Haryanto, Yessi Rahmawati, Omar Guillermo Rojas Altamirano, Salsabila Fahar Ahsani, Adrianus Kabubu Hudang and Tri Haryanto
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Rossanto Dwi Haryanto: Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia,
Yessi Rahmawati: Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia,
Omar Guillermo Rojas Altamirano: Universidad Panamericana, Mexico City, Mexico,
Salsabila Fahar Ahsani: Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia,
Adrianus Kabubu Hudang: Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia; Wira Wacana Christian University Sumba Timur, Indonesia
Tri Haryanto: Faculty of Economic and Business, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia.

International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2022, vol. 12, issue 4, 385-393

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the influence of foreign direct investment, tourism, exports, and imports on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the High-Income State, Upper-Middle Income, and Lower-Middle-Middle Income in Asia during the period of 2010 to 2019. This study uses the Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood (PPML) method. The results of this study indicate that Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis (EKC) is valid in the country of High Income and Upper-Middle Income. In addition, there is a non-linear relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI), tourism, Export, and imports on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The interaction variables, which are a foreign direct investment with tourism and foreign direct investment with Export. Each of them is reducing carbon dioxide emissions only in high-income countries. Meanwhile, the interaction variables between foreign direct investment and imports reduce carbon dioxide emissions in high-income countries. However, it increases the carbon dioxide emissions in the upper-middle-income country

Keywords: Carbon Dioxide Emissions; Export; Foreign Direct Investment; Import; Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood; Tourism (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q4 Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eco:journ2:2022-04-41

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