The Nexus among Civil Aviation, Energy Performance Efficiency and GDP in terms of Ecological Footprint: Evidence from France and Finland

Erdal Dursun
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Erdal Dursun: School of Civil Aviation, Nisantasi University, Turkey.

International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2022, vol. 12, issue 5, 243-251

Abstract: The major goal of this research paper is to determine the long-run linkage among variables and the impact of civil aviation, energy productivity (efficiency), economic growth (GDP), on ecological footprint through conducting the multivariate regression method, Phillips-Ouliaris and Engle-Granger, Jarque Bera Normality, and Cusum tests from 1970 to 2020. According to results of multivariate regression method, civil aviation, energy efficiency, and economic growth affect the ecological footprint from 1970 to 2020 in France which is coincide with Phillips-Ouliaris and Engle-Granger tests. On the contrary, there is no effect of independent variables on dependent variable (ecological footprint) in Finland which is consistent with Phillips-Ouliaris and Engle-Granger tests. In this respect, The long-run relation of the model is verified by the cointegration test of Engle-Granger and Phillips-Ouliaris for France. However, there is no long-run co-integration among variables for Finland from 1970-2020. To sum up, empirical results of France is verified EKC hypothesis. However, EKC hypothesis is not verified for Finland.

Keywords: Civil Aviation; Energy Efficiency; Economic Growth; Ecological Footprint; Multivariate Regression; Phillips-Ouliaris; Engle-Granger; Cusum Test (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C22 C31 C32 L93 O47 P18 Q57 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (4)

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eco:journ2:2022-05-29

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