Energy, Urbanization, and Sustainability Indicators: Empirical Data from Kazakhstan

Arsen Tleppayev, Saule Zeinolla, Saltanat Abishova and Gulden Baibussinova
Additional contact information
Arsen Tleppayev: Kazakh German University, Almaty, Pushkin str. 111, 050010, Kazakhstan,
Saule Zeinolla: Narxoz University, Almaty, Zhandosov str. 55, 050035, Kazakhstan
Saltanat Abishova: University of International Business, Almaty, Abay av. 8A, 050010, Kazakhstan.
Gulden Baibussinova: Esil University, Zhubanov str. 7, 020000, Astana, Kazakhstan.

International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2023, vol. 13, issue 1, 154-163

Abstract: The sustainable strategies are required by integrating energy, urbanization and environmental factors for sustainable development-maximizing human well-being in the current time without depriving future generations to meet their needs. This paper intends to identify the short-run and long-run causal relationship between Kazakhstan s sustainability indicators (CO2 emissions and solid waste), urbanization, economic development, and energy. Time-series data for the years 1990 to 2021 have been used in the paper; the data have been derived from the World Bank database. The methodology of this paper applies the Vector Error Correction Model based on the various econometric techniques such as Panel UnitRoot Test, Granger Causality Test, Johansen Cointegration Test. The results of the Granger Causality Test confirms that a causal relationship has CO2 emissions from GDP, waste from population as share of urban population and a weak dependence on energy consumption, but on the contrary CO2 emissions affect energy consumption and a similar interrelation of urbanization with CO2 emissions. The empirical finding of Johansen Cointegration Test indicates that there is evidence that, in the long term, both urbanization and energy consumption contribute to CO2 emissions in Kazakhstan and in addition, the results demonstrate that urbanization contribute to energy consumption (it statistically significant as its absolute t-value is 3.89 >2). Results of Vector Error Correction Model confirm that explanatory variables are statistically significant in the long run. Therefore, policies are required to reduce the effects of urbanization by boosting public instruments to preserve environmental quality and use more energy in sustainable manner. In addition, regulations for energy conservation are required across all industries, but particularly in the transportation and energy sector. These policies must also promote and maximize the use of alternative energy sources.

Keywords: Energy consumption; urbanization; carbon emissions; empirical data (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: P18 P28 Q43 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijeep/article/download/13762/7124 (application/pdf)
https://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijeep/article/view/13762 (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eco:journ2:2023-01-20

Access Statistics for this article

International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy is currently edited by Ilhan Ozturk

More articles in International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy from Econjournals
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Ilhan Ozturk ().