Towards a Sustainable Future: Examining the Symmetric and Asymmetric Effect of Unstable Macroeconomic Factors on Initial Public Offerings Variability

Waqas Mehmood, Fakir Al Gharaibeh, Ifham Rizvi and Waqar Mehmood
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Waqas Mehmood: Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Fakir Al Gharaibeh: Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; & Department of Social Work, College of Arts, The University of Jordan, Jordan
Ifham Rizvi: School of Management Studies, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India
Waqar Mehmood: Institute of Business Management and Administrative Sciences, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan

International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2024, vol. 14, issue 5, 664-677

Abstract: The research seeks to explore the symmetric and asymmetric effects of renewable energy, technological innovation, and ecological footprint on the variability of initial public offerings in the unique institutional setting of the Pakistani IPO market. The study used yearly data on the Pakistani IPO market and the macroeconomic variables from January 1992 to December 2020. Further, the study employed the linear and Non-Linear ARDL to investigate the symmetric and asymmetric nexus among variables. For that purpose, the stationarity of the variables was predetermined using Augmented Dicker Fuller (ADF) and Phillips Perron (PP) unit root tests. Additionally, the F-bound test verifies that IPO issuance and macroeconomic drivers are co-integrated. The findings show a symmetric and asymmetric relationship between IPO variability and macroeconomic variables under study. Renewable energy and technological innovation have statistically positive effects on IPO variability. On the contrary, the ecological footprint has a significantly negative impact on IPO variability. The weak condition of the Pakistani IPO market could be attributed to the slow adoption of technological innovation, the transition to renewable energy, and a high ecological footprint that attracts stringent regulatory and environmental compliance costs of going public.

Keywords: Renewable Energy; Technological Innovation; Ecological Footprint; IPO Variability; Pakistan Stock Exchange (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: E6 I1 O2 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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