Impact of Energy Consumption and Food Security on Income Inequality: NARDL Approach from Kazakhstan

Tolkyn Kakizhanova, Asel Sagynbay, Shynggys Nurgazy, Gulmira Andabayeva and Galiya Dauliyeva
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Tolkyn Kakizhanova: Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Asel Sagynbay: Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Shynggys Nurgazy: Narxoz University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Gulmira Andabayeva: Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Galiya Dauliyeva: Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2024, vol. 14, issue 6, 184-194

Abstract: As one of the main socio-economic categories, income inequality has always been a prime focus of many researchers. And Kazakhstan’s income inequality has complex nature. To better understand the functioning of socio-economic mechanisms to find a balance between economic policy and social justice, the relationship of different variables to income inequality is examined. It also helps to develop targeted policies and programs to reduce inequality, thus the poverty. Recently, effect of energy consumption and food safety on income inequality has been under the scrutiny of scientific researchers. These three categories contain many variables. However, due to the availability and breadth of statistical data, the final energy consumption and food import/export ratio were taken into account. We retrieved data from World Bank and it covers the periods from 1996 to 2022. Our study’s aim is to determine the effect of final energy consumption and food security on income inequality. Analyzing data, we used Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) approach. The NARDL results show that final energy consumption impacts on income inequality positively in both short and long terms, while food security affects negatively on both periods. Results from the model have significant socio-economic and political implications for addressing income inequality.

Keywords: Income Inequality; Gini Index; Final Energy Consumption; Food Security; Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I32 Q18 Q2 Q3 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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