An Analytical Study on the Stability Properties of Energy Consumption from Fossil Fuels: A Panel Stability Test and Zivot-Andrews Unit Root Test Approach in the Context of BRICS Nations

Gulmira Issayeva (), Elmira Y. Zhussipova () and Galimzhan A. Pazilov ()
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Gulmira Issayeva: Mukhtar Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Shymkent, Kazakhstan
Elmira Y. Zhussipova: Mukhtar Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Shymkent, Kazakhstan
Galimzhan A. Pazilov: Mukhtar Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Shymkent, Kazakhstan

International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2025, vol. 15, issue 4, 1-10

Abstract: This study examines the stationarity properties of fossil fuel energy consumption in BRICS countries - Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa - utilizing panel stationarity tests alongside the Zivot-Andrews unit root test. Conducted with annual data spanning from 1995 to 2023, the analysis first assesses cross-sectional dependence and investigates the interdependencies of energy consumption shocks across the nations. Following this, second-generation unit root tests are implemented based on the initial findings. The panel unit test results indicate that while oil and coal consumption exhibit stationary characteristics, natural gas consumption does not. Further country-specific analyses reveal the presence of structural breaks in fossil fuel consumption patterns. The findings suggest that the dynamics of energy consumption in BRICS countries are significantly influenced by economic transformations and policy shifts. This study highlights the necessity of accounting for structural breaks when assessing long-term trends in energy consumption and offers crucial insights for policymakers tasked with formulating sustainable energy policies.

Keywords: Fossil Resources; Environmental Sustainability; Panel Unit Root Tests; Zivot-Andrews Unit Root Test; BRICS (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.32479/ijeep.19324

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