Deciphering the Nexus Between Renewable Energy Consumption and Environmental Pollution: A GMM Model Analysis Across Diverse Economies

Mai Huong Giang (), Truong Nhat Tung (), Nguyen Thi Thu Trang (), Phan Thi Linh Giang (), Tran Thi Ngoc Ha () and Ho Thi Minh Nguyet ()
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Mai Huong Giang: Banking Academy of Vietnam, 12 Chua Boc, Dong Da, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
Truong Nhat Tung: Banking Academy of Vietnam, 12 Chua Boc, Dong Da, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
Nguyen Thi Thu Trang: Banking Academy of Vietnam, 12 Chua Boc, Dong Da, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
Phan Thi Linh Giang: Banking Academy of Vietnam, 12 Chua Boc, Dong Da, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
Tran Thi Ngoc Ha: Banking Academy of Vietnam, 12 Chua Boc, Dong Da, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
Ho Thi Minh Nguyet: Banking Academy of Vietnam, 12 Chua Boc, Dong Da, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam

International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2025, vol. 15, issue 4, 499-510

Abstract: Addressing green economic issues is crucial for reducing environmental pollution and fostering sustainable development. Green economics promotes sustainable practices, including renewable energy. While renewable energy reduces emissions and reliance on fossil fuels, its full environmental impact is not entirely understood. More academic research is needed to investigate these interactions and develop strategies to mitigate any adverse effects. This study examines the impact of renewable energy consumption on environmental pollution across 53 countries from 2009 to 2021. Utilizing the Generalized Method of Moments approach by Arellano and Bond (1991) with instrumental variables, the findings show that renewable energy consumption significantly reduces CO2 and GHG emissions. Furthermore, control variables including globalization, government spending, and COVID-19 reduce emissions, while economic growth increases them. The impacts also vary across different countries, highlighting the complexity of environmental issues. As a result, this study proposes policy recommendations to improve sustainable environmental development.

Keywords: CO2 Emissions; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Renewable Energy; Environmental Pollution (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.32479/ijeep.19383

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