Can Forests Endure the Energy Race and Ecological Pressures? A VAR Analysis of MINT Countries

Fazriyas Fazriyas (), Anggi Putri Kurniadi (), Elvy Basri () and Muhammad Rachmad Rasjid ()
Additional contact information
Fazriyas Fazriyas: Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Jambi, Indonesia
Anggi Putri Kurniadi: Research Center for Macroeconomics and Finance, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, Indonesia
Elvy Basri: DPMPTSP, Local Government of Solok City, Indonesia
Muhammad Rachmad Rasjid: Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Jambi, Indonesia

International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2025, vol. 15, issue 6, 421-435

Abstract: This study investigates forest resilience in the face of intensifying energy competition and ecological pressures in MINT countries (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey) from 1990 to 2024. Energy competition is represented by renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, while ecological pressures are assessed through environmental degradation, green economic growth, and population density. Using a Vector Autoregression (VAR) approach, all variables are treated as endogenous to capture dynamic feedback relationships. Stationarity tests confirm that most variables are first- difference stationary without long-run cointegration. Granger causality analysis reveals bidirectional relationships between forest area (FA) and non-renewable energy consumption, and between environmental degradation and population density. Unidirectional causality is also found from renewable energy consumption, environmental degradation, and green economic growth to FA; from environmental degradation to renewable energy consumption; and from FA and non-renewable energy consumption to population density. Impulse response and variance decomposition results suggest that non-renewable energy consumption and ecological, such as environmental degradation and population density have a negative impact on FA, whereas renewable energy consumption and green economic growth contribute positively. The findings highlight the urgent need to integrate energy, environmental, and development policies to support forest sustainability amid growing global energy demands and ecological stress.

Keywords: Ecological Pressure; Energy Consumption; Forest Area; Green Economy Growth; MINT Countries; VAR (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://econjournals.com/index.php/ijeep/article/download/21188/9352 (application/pdf)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eco:journ2:v:15:y:2025:i:6:id:21188

Ordering information: This journal article can be ordered from
https://econjournals.com/index.php/ijeep

DOI: 10.32479/ijeep.21188

Access Statistics for this article

More articles in International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy from International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Monica Sinhat ().