The bittersweet economics of different cacao production systems in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru

Andrés Charry, Carolay Perea, Karen Ramírez, Guillermo Zambrano, Fredy Yovera, Adriana Santos, Tito Jiménez, Miguel Romero, Mark Lundy, Marcela Quintero and Mirjam Pulleman

Agricultural Systems, 2025, vol. 224, issue C

Abstract: Cacao production takes place in diverse environments and agricultural systems, with its performance and income generation potential depending on multiple contextual factors. The crop has been promoted among smallholders in South America as a driver for sustainable rural development, but a systematic comparison of the economic performance of diverse cacao production systems in this region was missing, which led to a lack of consistency and clarity on the conditions that enable the crops' success in terms of profitability and income generation for farmers.

Keywords: Smallholder farming; Living income; Typical farms; Cost benefit analysis; Diversification; Financial assessment (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308521X24003858
Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:agisys:v:224:y:2025:i:c:s0308521x24003858

DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104235

Access Statistics for this article

Agricultural Systems is currently edited by J.W. Hansen, P.K. Thornton and P.B.M. Berentsen

More articles in Agricultural Systems from Elsevier
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Catherine Liu ().