Is care by grandparents or parents better for children's non-cognitive skills? Evidence on locus of control from China

Xiang Ao, Xuan Chen and Zhong Zhao

China Economic Review, 2022, vol. 71, issue C

Abstract: This study investigates the effect of grandparental involvement in childcare on children's locus of control (LOC), which is an important non-cognitive skill that affects children's future development. We use data from the China Family Panel Studies, which is a nationally representative survey, and employ instrumental variables to address the endogeneity of family childcare choice. We find that children with grandparental care have more external LOC than children in the sole care of their parents do; that is, they are more likely to attribute individual success to external factors, such as luck, fate, and family background. This finding is robust to different measures of grandparental involvement in childcare and different model specifications, as well as a minor violation of the exclusion restriction of the instruments. We further examine the potential mechanisms underlying this effect. Grandparents have more external LOC than parents do, which can affect children's LOC through intergenerational transmission of LOC. Their parenting attitudes and styles are also different from parents' in that grandparents take less responsibility for children's academic performance than parents do and are less strict with children. In addition, grandparental care induces adverse effects on children's family environment.

Keywords: Intergenerational childcare; Non-cognitive skill; Locus of control; China family panel studies (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: J13 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (4)

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Working Paper: Is Care by Grandparents or Parents Better for Children's Non-cognitive Skills? Evidence on Locus of Control from China (2021)
Working Paper: Is Care by Grandparents or Parents Better for Children's Non-cognitive Skills? Evidence on Locus of Control from China (2021)
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:chieco:v:71:y:2022:i:c:s1043951x21001528

DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2021.101734

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